Lucille Wood
- educational
- history
- November 7, 2020
- 0 Comments
History of Educational Technology
There is no written evidence which can tell us exactly who has coined the phrase educational technology. Different educationists, scientists and philosophers at different time intervals have put forwarded different definitions of Educational Technology. Educational technology is a multifaceted and integrated process involving people, procedure, ideas, devices, and organization, where technology from different fields of science is borrowed as per the need and requirement of education for implementing, evaluating, and managing solutions to those problems involved in all aspects of human learning.
Educational technology, broadly speaking, has passed through five stages.
The first stage of educational technology is coupled with the use of aids like charts, maps, symbols, models, specimens and concrete materials. The term educational technology was used as synonyms to audio-visual aids.
The second stage of educational technology is associated with the ‘electronic revolution’ with the introduction and establishment of sophisticated hardware and software. Use of various audio-visual aids like projector, magic lanterns, tape-recorder, radio and television brought a revolutionary change in the educational scenario. Accordingly, educational technology concept was taken in terms of these sophisticated instruments and equipments for effective presentation of instructional materials.
The third stage of educational technology is linked with the development of mass media which in turn led to ‘communication revolution’ for instructional purposes. Computer-assisted Instruction (CAI) used for education since 1950s also became popular during this era.
The fourth stage of educational technology is discernible by the individualized process of instruction. The invention of programmed learning and programmed instruction provided a new dimension to educational technology. A system of self-learning based on self-instructional materials and teaching machines emerged.
The latest concept of educational technology is influenced by the concept of system engineering or system approach which focuses on language laboratories, teaching machines, programmed instruction, multimedia technologies and the use of the computer in instruction. According to it, educational technology is a systematic way of designing, carrying out and evaluating the total process of teaching and learning in terms of specific objectives based on research.
Educational technology during the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age
Educational technology, despite the uncertainty of the origin of the term, can be traced back to the time of the three-age system periodization of human prehistory; namely the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age.
Duringthe Stone Age, ignition of fire by rubbing stones, manufacture of various handmade weapon and utensils from stones and clothing practice were some of the simple technological developments of utmost importance. A fraction of Stone Age people developed ocean-worthy outrigger canoe ship technology to migrate from one place to another across the Ocean, by which they developed their first informal education of knowledge of the ocean currents, weather conditions, sailing practice, astronavigation, and star maps. During the later Stone Age period (Neolithic period),for agricultural practice, polished stone tools were made from a variety of hard rocks largely by digging underground tunnels, which can be considered as the first steps in mining technology. The polished axes were so effective that even after appearance of bronze and iron; people used it for clearing forest and the establishment of crop farming.
Although Stone Age cultures left no written records, but archaeological evidences proved their shift from nomadic life to agricultural settlement. Ancient tools conserved in different museums, cave paintings like Altamira Cave in Spain, and other prehistoric art, such as the Venus of Willendorf, Mother Goddess from Laussel, France etc. are some of the evidences in favour of their cultures.
Neolithic Revolution of Stone Age resulted into the appearance of Bronze Age with development of agriculture, animal domestication, and the adoption of permanent settlements. For these practices Bronze Age people further developed metal smelting, with copper and later bronze, an alloy of tin and copper, being the materials of their choice.
The Iron Age people replaced bronze and developed the knowledge of iron smelting technology to lower the cost of living since iron utensils were stronger and cheaper than bronze equivalents. In many Eurasian cultures, the Iron Age was the last period before the development of written scripts.
Educational technology during the period of Ancient civilizations
According to Paul Saettler, 2004, Educational technology can be traced back to the time when tribal priests systematized bodies of knowledge and ancient cultures invented pictographs or sign writing to record and transmit information. In every stage of human civilization, one can find an instructional technique or set of procedures intended to implement a particular culture which were also supported by number of investigations and evidences. The more advanced the culture, the more complex became the technology of instruction designed to reflect particular ways of individual and social behaviour intended to run an educated society. Over centuries, each significant shift in educational values, goals or objectives led to diverse technologies of instruction.
The greatest advances …
The term green technology may conjure images of scientists designing futuristic solar or wind energy equipment. But it is more than that.
Ray Bradbury’s The Veldt and the article Modern Technology Is Changing the Way our Brains Work, Says Neuroscientist by Susan Greenfield each reveal the change in young folks’s lives by limitless access to quite a lot of current know-how of their each day lives. Those of us who remember the Nineteen Eighties, when computers have been first making their method into our school rooms, probably additionally bear in mind a substantial amount of bad software program. Spy Net’s infrared night imaginative and prescient binoculars use actual IR night time imaginative and prescient technology that will help you see things as much as 50 feet away in total darkness. I would assume that there has to be a new technology the place roadsigns transmit info through radio signals, or possibly Wi-Fi.
If your in search of one of the best Channels on Roku, you could have come to the fitting place. Now you work out which model these multi-billion greenback businesses (when statistically, 1 information viewer = about 0.seventy five of a viewer for the following prime time viewing) are going to comply with. A report in this 12 months’s research additionally finds that new group media websites are beginning to place as much energy into securing new income streams — and refining audiences to do so — as creating content material.
…
And now at this begin of 21st century here we’re with increasing concern over antagonistic affect of chat rooms on youngsters. A newspaper reader must open an app, faucet on the screen (in at the very least some apps), hover their machine over an image, get a profitable scan and look forward to digital content to be loaded from a computer on the Internet. While this sounds like a small quantity think about the final time you watched just 1 video on YouTube! The Spanish politicians are mainly making an attempt to control the internet which goes towards all the principles of freedom. Create Fake Magazine Covers with your individual picture at ne of many sites that now offer this service. With my middle faculty grandchildren visiting, I’ll be trying out these sites.
…
Children now aged 10 have been exposed to computers and technology all of their lives. Girls Who Code students lately visited The New York Times to learn more about how know-how is used on the company — and to use what they have been studying during their summer intensive. The know-how might usher in a much-anticipated period of quantum computing, which researchers say might help scientists run advanced simulations and produce speedy solutions to tough calculations. By shaping the menus we decide from, know-how hijacks the best way we understand our decisions and replaces them with new ones.
Technology encompasses several different constructs which were categorized by a number of state and national applications, organizations and requirements. A glittering galaxy of physicists and revolutionary engineers, perhaps a as soon as in a thousand years gathering of intellects, instructed the chemical engineers who specialised in metallurgy, which metals they critically wanted in abundance and the world’s governments told all of them to not contemplate economics in their quest to provide them. We shouldn’t blame it to technologies, quite to these people who depend very a lot to know-how; that even within the quite simple job, they want a know-how for them to work for it. One side of technology that seems to have bugged additionally the thoughts of mr. Bigelow is it is twin nature.
…
The RIOT application screens social media akin to Twitter and chat rooms to monitor habits, detect patterns and search for changes. As has been for a very long time video remains to be king relating to online content material, so it’s so essential if you are an internet producer to hook up with a good filmmaker or director. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) offers requirements, specifications, and tips for technologies that are generally used on the Internet. Web designers traditionally would work very closely with a web developer or programmer who would deal with the extra technical facet or again finish of an internet site. Ironically, the net expertise / A.I. system in the Matrix trilogy finally seen humanity as a source of life for themselves.
…
As time marches on it is inevitable that the government will take an increasing number of control of what you see. I think that so many people need to be net designers now that the market could be very crowded. The anti-phishing technology protects you when browsing the internet by providing you with advance warnings of potentially suspicious websites while you search the net on browsers like Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Google Chrome. We are placing hear Web technologies query and answers, Web applied sciences also known as Internet technologies.
