Interplanetary File System (IPFS): Decentralized Data Sharing

Navigating the Cosmos: Introduction to Interplanetary File System (IPFS)

In the vast universe of data sharing and storage, the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) emerges as a decentralized and revolutionary solution. This article embarks on a journey to unravel the intricacies of IPFS, exploring its foundations, key features, and the transformative impact it has on the way we share and access information.

Breaking the Traditional Mold: The Concept of Decentralization in IPFS

Unlike traditional file systems that rely on central servers, IPFS introduces a decentralized approach to data storage and sharing. The core concept revolves around creating a peer-to-peer network where each user, or node, becomes a part of the shared file system. This departure from centralization enhances data resilience, fosters redundancy, and contributes to a more efficient and fault-tolerant system.

MerkleDag and Content Addressing: Redefining File Identification

At the heart of IPFS lies the MerkleDag data structure, which enables content addressing. In traditional systems, files are identified by their location, but in IPFS, content is identified by its hash. This content addressing mechanism ensures that the data’s integrity is preserved, as any modification to the content results in a different hash. This unique approach eliminates redundancy and enhances data verifiability.

Distributed Hash Tables (DHT): Navigating the Web of Data

IPFS utilizes Distributed Hash Tables (DHT) to enable efficient content discovery within the network. DHT distributes the responsibility of maintaining the network’s address space across participating nodes, enabling seamless and decentralized lookups. This mechanism ensures that users can efficiently locate and retrieve content, regardless of its physical location within the IPFS network.

Offline Access and Resilience: Overcoming Connectivity Challenges

One of IPFS’s notable features is its ability to provide offline access to content. By storing requested data locally, nodes can access and share content even when disconnected from the broader network. This offline resilience addresses connectivity challenges and makes IPFS a suitable solution for scenarios with intermittent or limited internet access.

IPFS in Action: Use Cases Across Industries

The versatility of IPFS extends across various industries, showcasing its potential for transformative applications. From decentralized web hosting and file sharing to content distribution and archival, IPFS’s decentralized nature makes it adaptable to diverse use cases. Its resilience, coupled with efficient data retrieval, positions IPFS as a viable solution for industries seeking a decentralized and robust file-sharing infrastructure.

IPFS and Web3: Synergies for a Decentralized Internet

As the world transitions towards Web3, characterized by decentralized applications and services, IPFS emerges as a crucial component in this paradigm shift. IPFS provides the decentralized storage and retrieval infrastructure needed for the distributed and peer-to-peer nature of Web3 applications, aligning with the principles of a more open, equitable, and user-centric internet.

Gateway Services: Bridging IPFS with Traditional Web Browsers

To facilitate widespread adoption, IPFS leverages gateway services that bridge the decentralized IPFS network with traditional web browsers. These gateways act as intermediaries, allowing users to access IPFS content through conventional browsers. This integration enhances the accessibility of IPFS content, making it more user-friendly and encouraging broader adoption.

Challenges and Considerations: Navigating the Cosmos of IPFS

While IPFS brings significant advantages, it is not without challenges. Issues such as slow content retrieval, reliance on gateway services, and the need for wider adoption present considerations for users and developers. However, ongoing development and community efforts aim to address these challenges, ensuring the continuous improvement and maturation of the IPFS ecosystem.

Exploring the Cosmos: Dive into Interplanetary File System (IPFS)

For those curious to explore the vast cosmos of IPFS, an interactive experience awaits. Interplanetary File System (IPFS) provides a gateway to understanding and engaging with the decentralized world of data sharing. This link invites exploration into the practical applications and implications of IPFS, offering a firsthand experience of its transformative potential.

Conclusion: Navigating the Future with Interplanetary File System (IPFS)

In conclusion, Interplanetary File System (IPFS) represents a paradigm shift in how we approach data sharing and storage. Its decentralized architecture, content addressing, and resilience make it a compelling solution for the challenges of the modern internet. As we navigate the cosmos of information, IPFS stands as a guiding star, pointing towards a decentralized, efficient, and user-centric future for data sharing and storage.

Cryptographic Marvel: Unveiling Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems

Cryptographic Marvel: Unveiling Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems

In the realm of cryptography, Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) systems stand as a groundbreaking innovation. This article delves into the intricacies of Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems, exploring their significance, applications, and the transformative impact they have on privacy and security.

The Essence of Zero-Knowledge Proofs: Preserving Privacy with Proof

Zero-Knowledge Proofs are cryptographic protocols that allow one party, the prover, to convince another party, the verifier, that they possess certain information without revealing the actual content of that information. This powerful concept enables the demonstration of knowledge or possession of data without disclosing the data itself, a feat previously considered impossible in cryptographic terms.

The Three Main Zero-Knowledge Proof Protocols: Classic Approaches

Zero-Knowledge Proofs come in various forms, but three classic protocols have gained prominence. The Zero-Knowledge Proof of Knowledge (ZKPoK), Zero-Knowledge Proof of Identity (ZKPoI), and Zero-Knowledge Proof of Possession (ZKPoP) each serve distinct purposes, showcasing the versatility of ZKP systems in different scenarios.

Applications in Authentication: Securely Accessing Digital Spaces

One of the primary applications of Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems is in authentication processes. ZKPs can be employed to prove knowledge of a password or access credentials without revealing the actual password itself. This enhances security in digital authentication, reducing the risk of password breaches and unauthorized access to sensitive information.

Enhancing Blockchain Privacy: ZKPs in Distributed Ledgers

Zero-Knowledge Proofs play a pivotal role in blockchain technology, particularly in enhancing privacy. Platforms like Zcash utilize ZKPs to enable private transactions. In a ZKP-based cryptocurrency transaction, the network verifies the validity of the transaction without revealing the sender, receiver, or transaction amount, ensuring financial privacy on the blockchain.

ZKPs in Decentralized Identity: Empowering Users

Decentralized Identity (DID) systems leverage Zero-Knowledge Proofs to enhance user privacy and security. With ZKPs, individuals can prove specific attributes about themselves without disclosing unnecessary information. This empowers users to selectively share details in a verifiable manner, reducing reliance on centralized identity authorities.

Secure Multi-Party Computation: Collaborative Calculations Without Sharing Data

Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC) is an advanced application of Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems. It enables parties to jointly compute a function over their inputs without revealing the actual inputs. This cryptographic technique finds applications in scenarios where multiple parties need to perform collaborative calculations while maintaining the confidentiality of their data.

Zero-Knowledge Proofs and Digital Voting: Ensuring Verifiable Anonymity

In the realm of digital voting, Zero-Knowledge Proofs offer a solution to the challenge of ensuring verifiable anonymity. By allowing voters to prove the validity of their vote without revealing the chosen candidate, ZKPs enhance the integrity and privacy of digital voting systems, addressing concerns about coercion and vote manipulation.

Overcoming Privacy Challenges in Cloud Computing: ZKPs as a Solution

Cloud computing poses privacy challenges, especially when outsourcing computations to untrusted servers. Zero-Knowledge Proofs provide a solution by allowing computations to be performed on encrypted data without revealing the data itself. This ensures privacy in cloud-based applications, making it a valuable tool in the era of distributed computing.

Challenges and Limitations of ZKPs: Navigating the Cryptographic Landscape

While Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems offer groundbreaking capabilities, they are not without challenges. Efficient implementation, scalability concerns, and the potential for misuse are aspects that researchers and developers grapple with. Addressing these challenges is essential to realizing the full potential of ZKPs across diverse applications.

Future Horizons: Advancements and Integration

The future of Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems holds promise for further advancements and widespread integration. Ongoing research aims to address current limitations and explore new use cases. As ZKPs become more mainstream, their integration into various cryptographic applications is expected to reshape digital privacy and security landscapes.

In conclusion, Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems represent a cryptographic marvel, reshaping how we approach privacy and security in the digital age. From blockchain transactions to decentralized identity and secure computations, the applications of ZKPs continue to evolve, marking a significant leap forward in cryptographic innovation. To explore more about Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems, visit fireboyandwatergirlplay.com.

The Edge of Reason by Melissa Snodgrass

“The Edge of Reason” by Melissa Snodgrass is a story of good versus evil, of science versus superstition. It entertains while skillfully raising questions about the origins of religion and technology.
Rhiana Davinovitch possesses magical talent and she works with a group she believes is a coven. After discovering she is being used as a pawn to build a nuclear weapon she runs off. Her pursuers create a blackout and they send inhuman entities after her. Police Officer Richard Oort, an unlikely hero, comes to her rescue and finds himself caught up in a world gone mad. He and Rhiana are in the middle of a secret war that’s been going on since the beginning of mankind. On one side are the Lumina, an ancient order utilizing reason and technology. On the other side are the Old Ones, entities that have powers of magic and feed on organized religion. And humanity’s future may depend on which side Richard chooses.
This ominous apocalypse thriller tackles some thought provoking themes. The Old Ones feed on chaos and emotions that are fueled by religious beliefs. It’s an original and clever premise but one that may offend some readers. The story starts with a bang and pulls the reader into the action but drags a bit in the middle. It’s well written with good imagery and dialogue. The characterization of Richard is especially well thought out. He’s a complex hero, still dealing with the emotional backlash of a sexual assault by a business associate of his father’s. There’s a cliff hanger ending so another book may be in the works. Publisher: Tor Books; Reprint edition (June 2, 2009) ISBN: 978-0765354204 Mass Market Paperback Pages: 384 Price: $7.99…

US Military Sales to Taiwan – Is It Safe to Allow That Technology to Be Stolen There?

Last year we were discussing the challenges of selling Taiwan our latest weapon systems in case they wanted to defend themselves against a Chinese forced reunification. If we don’t there would be little reason for China not to force their political will, but if we do, it’s well known that Chinese spies have infiltrated the Taiwan Military and political leadership, and thus, might someday use that same technology against us, our allies, or sell it to our enemies. Okay so, let’s talk.
You see it is my contention that Taiwan has been fully infiltrated, and thus, we ought to watch out for espionage or Chinese spies getting Lockheed’s technology (missile defense shield), and what about those F-16 upgrades, of course, China already has that due to Pakistan and other nations, the Chinese were all over the last India Air Show with the newest F-15 modifications for stealthier design, and F-16 modifications.
There are now direct flights between the countries (China and Pakistan), direct trade, and political talks at the highest levels, and previously there were lots of inter-connected flights through Hong Kong, etc. and the latest direct flights are bothersome too, not quite as serious as the secret flights between Venezuela and Iran, because it is important for those two nations to be on good-terms and continue talking – that prevents war and conflict.
Nevertheless, this is how proliferation occurs, just like the North Koreans selling nuclear weapons tech to Syria or the Pakistani scientist to Iran. We have some serious challenges around the world with military tech flows, and these are just a few of what’s out in open and well-known. The recent political talk between Taiwan and Chinese leaders about eventual re-unification, which seems to be a “trial close” sale on the Taiwanese voters, and whenever a Taiwan businessman (patriotic spy) or politician speaks out about China, all of a sudden he’s out of business, out of office and facing some sort of charges.
How about on the spy front? Well, there are several former bought-off Taiwanese double-spies converted into Chinese assets now. China wants our Aegis system tech, and the Metal Storm systems from Europe, as they know they need it, and they are right they are going to need it if they push much harder against South Sea bordering nations, as the US Navy is serious about keeping open shipping channels and open waters.
Does China think the US is weak? Well, perhaps they are not na?�ve to think that we are militarily weak, but they realize the US people cannot stomach a war. Of course, and during the Vietnam war, we wouldn’t bomb past the parallel, where the supply lines were coming from, how do you fight a way half way, my dad said we could have won that war in any 10-period had they let the various carrier groups and USAF in there. Oh well, also China looked pretty weak too when confronted with the Vietnamese who were not afraid to die to defend themselves.
It seems that when Chinese and US Politicians talk, they simply set aside many of these other issues, which are serious enough to discuss, and such a dialogue would be of value, as our nation’s economies are inter-connected of course. Please consider all this and think on it.…

MySpace and Facebook – The Shifting in Social Media

Like all fads that were once hot, is quickly becoming supplanted by a comer, . It was just a few short years ago, that everyone who was online had a MySpace page, now it’s Facebook’s turn.
When Fox bought MySpace for $320 million everyone thought it was the deal of the century, but times have changed.
When MySpace was cool, it was where everyone went to view pages of people who were on the cutting edge of technology. It had special features that made it fun. You could set up your page to play a favorite song when people came to it or you could put a skin on your page to change its appearance. For a while it was the hottest thing around.
MySpace began losing its most of its members in 2008 and the decline continues today. Many MySpace users are abandoning their pages and opening Facebook accounts. Some have maintained their MySpace page but primarily use Facebook.
MySpace’s fall from grace was not surprising considering how quickly technology changes. If you don’t adapt and keep current, users will find another online tool. Many people said they dropped MySpace because it was slow to implement user requests. It only recently implemented an updates system used by Facebook for well over a year.
Some also felt that MySpace was not inclusive, that it wasn’t a place where your grandmother would want to visit or create her own page.
Facebook is seen differently and that’s part of its overwhelming appeal. With Facebook, many entire families have gotten involved and created their own pages. So, with more users, Facebook has become the more popular social networking site.
In time Facebook will probably face the same fate as MySpace. Technology changes rapidly and people have short attention spans. New products are coming out all the time that are diluting people’s focus and making them want to trade in what they have for something new.…

Information Technology Forums For Value Addition

If you thought that you are not technically equipped to run your PC, you can now groom yourself for that. You can make a meaningful start by visiting online information technology forums. Visiting such online computer forums which are free and available to you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and 365 days a year can be your own technical university classroom to upgrade your PC learning skills that will match your own technical needs for your own PC use.
There you will get multiple channels through interactive mediums which will soon blossom you as a skilled computer user. You then may be much sought by your friends and relatives. You will also be doing a service to your loved ones when they face any computer problem in addition to developing your information technology expertise. You perhaps should not shy away from visiting such information technology forums. You will gain from experiences of other smart information technology professionals as well as individual computer users like you who have learned something important while working on their PC.
Sometimes a big computer problem for you is not a problem for other computer users. This is because they have the solution for that problem. Similarly, you as a personal computer user may find some new way of doing things on your computer. You would now like to share this with a wider PC audience. You can now do this by visiting information technology forums and making them aware of your findings.
You can modify your own way of using personal computer from new knowledge and insights from other visitors and information technology experts from such online computer forums. The timely computer-related tips received from visiting such computer forums might have otherwise remained unexplored and unused.
Today, perhaps there is no substitute for free online computer technology forums for someone like you looking for ways on how you can add value to yourself by using your PC more efficiently. For this, you need to be on a continuous learning mode. It will perhaps be advisable for you to visit an online information technology forum occasionally and make full use of interactive tools available there. This is how you can add value to yourself as a proficient user of your personal computer.
These information technology forums are now visited by university students most often when they look for practical computer-related tips. These fresh computer technology experts for tomorrow know that practical experience counts most when it comes to working on your PC. You too want to handle PC efficiently for all your practical needs. A practical-minded person like you who is also a keen learner and want to make most from efficient use of PC while still on your work, your obvious choice now becomes such popular information technology forums.
Earlier forums were seen as a rescue from practical work. But with coming up of popular online computer forums, things have changed for the better. Such handy online free 24x7x365 forums are now most preferred by honest and smart PC users like you who want high performance delivered and not rescue.
Information technology forums are indeed a smart way to groom you as a good user of personal computer. It will make you handle your computer problem in a better way. You perhaps need to make it a part of your routine to visit good online information technology forums and add value to yourself.…

History of Educational Technology

There is no written evidence which can tell us exactly who has coined the phrase educational technology. Different educationists, scientists and philosophers at different time intervals have put forwarded different definitions of Educational Technology. Educational technology is a multifaceted and integrated process involving people, procedure, ideas, devices, and organization, where technology from different fields of science is borrowed as per the need and requirement of education for implementing, evaluating, and managing solutions to those problems involved in all aspects of human learning.
Educational technology, broadly speaking, has passed through five stages.
The first stage of educational technology is coupled with the use of aids like charts, maps, symbols, models, specimens and concrete materials. The term educational technology was used as synonyms to audio-visual aids.
The second stage of educational technology is associated with the ‘electronic revolution’ with the introduction and establishment of sophisticated hardware and software. Use of various audio-visual aids like projector, magic lanterns, tape-recorder, radio and television brought a revolutionary change in the educational scenario. Accordingly, educational technology concept was taken in terms of these sophisticated instruments and equipments for effective presentation of instructional materials.
The third stage of educational technology is linked with the development of mass media which in turn led to ‘communication revolution’ for instructional purposes. Computer-assisted Instruction (CAI) used for education since 1950s also became popular during this era.
The fourth stage of educational technology is discernible by the individualized process of instruction. The invention of programmed learning and programmed instruction provided a new dimension to educational technology. A system of self-learning based on self-instructional materials and teaching machines emerged.
The latest concept of educational technology is influenced by the concept of system engineering or system approach which focuses on language laboratories, teaching machines, programmed instruction, multimedia technologies and the use of the computer in instruction. According to it, educational technology is a systematic way of designing, carrying out and evaluating the total process of teaching and learning in terms of specific objectives based on research.
Educational technology during the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age
Educational technology, despite the uncertainty of the origin of the term, can be traced back to the time of the three-age system periodization of human prehistory; namely the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age.
Duringthe Stone Age, ignition of fire by rubbing stones, manufacture of various handmade weapon and utensils from stones and clothing practice were some of the simple technological developments of utmost importance. A fraction of Stone Age people developed ocean-worthy outrigger canoe ship technology to migrate from one place to another across the Ocean, by which they developed their first informal education of knowledge of the ocean currents, weather conditions, sailing practice, astronavigation, and star maps. During the later Stone Age period (Neolithic period),for agricultural practice, polished stone tools were made from a variety of hard rocks largely by digging underground tunnels, which can be considered as the first steps in mining technology. The polished axes were so effective that even after appearance of bronze and iron; people used it for clearing forest and the establishment of crop farming.
Although Stone Age cultures left no written records, but archaeological evidences proved their shift from nomadic life to agricultural settlement. Ancient tools conserved in different museums, cave paintings like Altamira Cave in Spain, and other prehistoric art, such as the Venus of Willendorf, Mother Goddess from Laussel, France etc. are some of the evidences in favour of their cultures.
Neolithic Revolution of Stone Age resulted into the appearance of Bronze Age with development of agriculture, animal domestication, and the adoption of permanent settlements. For these practices Bronze Age people further developed metal smelting, with copper and later bronze, an alloy of tin and copper, being the materials of their choice.
The Iron Age people replaced bronze and developed the knowledge of iron smelting technology to lower the cost of living since iron utensils were stronger and cheaper than bronze equivalents. In many Eurasian cultures, the Iron Age was the last period before the development of written scripts.
Educational technology during the period of Ancient civilizations
According to Paul Saettler, 2004, Educational technology can be traced back to the time when tribal priests systematized bodies of knowledge and ancient cultures invented pictographs or sign writing to record and transmit information. In every stage of human civilization, one can find an instructional technique or set of procedures intended to implement a particular culture which were also supported by number of investigations and evidences. The more advanced the culture, the more complex became the technology of instruction designed to reflect particular ways of individual and social behaviour intended to run an educated society. Over centuries, each significant shift in educational values, goals or objectives led to diverse technologies of instruction.
The greatest advances …

Save With Green Technology

The term green technology may conjure images of scientists designing futuristic solar or wind energy equipment. But it is more than that.

Technology derives from the Greek word technologia, meaning the systematic treatment of an art. There are many actions you can systematically take each day which may seem low-tech as compared to a hybrid car, but which will save you time and money while improving the health of the world in which we all live.

In the process, you may create a green innovation to the job you now perform, or build a new opportunity for yourself in this rapidly growing economic sector.

What Is It?

According to Green Technology, a non-profit initiative designed to promote sustainability through private sector-public sector cooperation, the primary goals of green technology are:

Sustainability: providing for our needs without depleting or harming natural resources or impairing our children’s ability to provide for themselves

Renewable Design: engineering products so they can eventually be reclaimed for later use instead of being thrown out-called “cradle to cradle” design

Source Reduction: changing patterns of production and consumption to reduce waste

Innovation: finding alternatives to unhealthful technologies such as fossil fuel or petrochemicals

Viability: capitalizing on products and activities that benefit health and the environment so they are more quickly adopted, create jobs, and products pricing drops due to greater supply.

How Can You Play A Role?

Adopt Green Habits. From the list of green living ideas at our personal website below, pick three that you can, and more importantly that you will adopt immediately as a new routine in your life. Remember that technology requires a systematic approach. Stick with whatever you choose, and add others as you are able.

Make a Difference at Work. This can include starting or improving a recycling program, helping to facilitate more energy efficient building features or energy use, transitioning to purchasing practices supporting environmentally sound products or allowing flexible work-at-home scheduling to reduce building space needs and travel costs.

Become an Expert. Educate yourself through web resources, books and seminars or classes. Find out what others in your field of interest are doing to innovate toward green practices and mimic them. Make a proposal to your boss, your school district, residential community or other body that sets forth a goal and how you would oversee its attainment. After one project, you suddenly have a new resume entry or side business.

Fill a Need While Making Money. Often we ask ourselves why someone doesn’t provide a needed service. With the help of Home Based Business Hub your ideas become strategies and an action plan for operating a green business from home.

Don’t Green Technologies Cost More?

The answer to this depends on how one looks at “cost.” At the dealership, a hybrid Toyota Prius will cost more than a comparably equipped gasoline car. Over its lifetime, however, you will almost certainly recoup the added expense through better fuel efficiency and lower repair rates due to fewer moving parts.

Also consider the hidden environmental cost of the higher polluting gasoline car. Part of our taxes goes to government efforts to clean the air, so it follows that we will pay less if we pollute less.

On the consumer products side, a concentrated chemical household cleaner will likely be a bit cheaper per ounce than a green version. This has to do with economies of scale and who pays for hidden costs.

Until green cleaners get enough viability, or market share, to allow them to be truly mass produced, the mass produced chemical versions will remain cheaper. If you buy the green version, you are inching that company toward being able to offer a lower price to improve its competitive edge.

The hidden cost factor is largely environmental protection costs which the green company chooses to pay, but the chemical company does not yet have to pay.

An example is production waste. A chemical cleaner company can dispose of waste up to the legally allowable air, water or solid waste limits without cost. The green company typically uses green technology to pollute much less, but at a cost which is passed in part to the consumer.…

The Coolest Tech Gadgets For Teachers

Ray Bradbury’s The Veldt and the article Modern Technology Is Changing the Way our Brains Work, Says Neuroscientist by Susan Greenfield each reveal the change in young folks’s lives by limitless access to quite a lot of current know-how of their each day lives. Those of us who remember the Nineteen Eighties, when computers have been first making their method into our school rooms, probably additionally bear in mind a substantial amount of bad software program. Spy Net’s infrared night imaginative and prescient binoculars use actual IR night time imaginative and prescient technology that will help you see things as much as 50 feet away in total darkness. I would assume that there has to be a new technology the place roadsigns transmit info through radio signals, or possibly Wi-Fi.

This article will give attention to serving to you discover the best digital SLR camera beneath $500, and we’ll be reviewing five of my favorite fashions on the market at the moment. It’s to not late to your child to turn out to be a Reading Superhero with Scholastic’s Summer Reading Challenge 2016 , with the opportunity to win prizes. In conclusion, technology based instruction serves to assist and facilitate adult studying in various methods.

Such pointers shall establish most popular know-how standards regarding safety, confidentiality and privacy of electronic signatures and electronic records. That automation helped, mentioned Mr Thomson, as a result of traditional anti-virus software program was actually bad at handling any malware it had not seen earlier than. Since they’ve seen comparatively sluggish progress being made in the field of robotics inside their lifetimes, they assume that that is the way it is going to be sooner or later as well. Technology supports many studying kinds and might be helpful when considering your visible learners.

However, I do not doubt that the United States and numerous other nations had been at the least attempting to develop completely different versions of voice-to-cranium transmission technology. Technology is a double-edged sword, it can profit or hurt our planet, all of it is dependent upon how we use it, so I’m sitting on the fence. I’ve learn that faculties common the two grades so within the case of gen chem 2 my GPA can be close to 1 with the repeated course, this really has me freaking out. Children are among the many people who find themselves closely affected by this age of expertise.

Driverless automobiles sense their environment utilizing expertise corresponding to lidar, radar, GPS, and computer imaginative and prescient. Social media has turn out to be commonplace, and the best way we use know-how has completely remodeled the way we live or lives. On September 9, 2013, Washington Post revealed an article on a tragic capturing at Washington Navy Yard. And academic software and applications have grown more adaptive,” relying on expertise and algorithms to find out not solely what a scholar knows, but what his or her studying process is, and even his or her emotional state.…